| Questions number 1 to 5 are based on the following text.
Hawaii's Kilauea volcano keeps erupting with syrupy lava flows, serving as a fiery reminder of nature's destructive power. There are two contents flow out as molten rock and they both have to do with volcanoes. But as the ongoing eruption captures headlines, a question might occur to the readers: What's the difference between magma and lava?
The distinction between magma and lava is all about location. When geologists refer to magma, they're talking about molten rock that's still trapped underground. If this molten rock makes it to the surface and keeps flowing like a liquid, it's called lava. Lava is molten rock generated by geothermal energy and expelled through fractures in planetary crust or in an eruption, usually at temperatures from 700 to 1,200°C (1,292 to 2,192°F). The structures resulting from subsequent solidification and cooling are also sometimes described as lava. The molten rock is formed in the interior of some planets, including Earth, and some of their satellites, though such material located below the crust is referred to by other terms.
Magmas vary in their chemical composition, which gives them—and the volcanoes that contain them-different properties. Mafic magmas like those in Hawaii tend to form when the heavier crust that forms the ocean floor melts. They contain between 47 to 63 percent silica, the mineral that makes up glass and quartz. Silicic magmas, on the other hand, tend to form when the lighter continental crust melts. These magmas are more than 63 percent silica, which makes them more viscous: At their runniest, silicic magmas flow about as well as lard orcaulk—which is to say not well at all. They're also cooler than mafic magmas. Rhyolite, an especially silica-rich type of lava, hits temperatures between only 1,200 degrees to 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit.
When silicic magmas are no longer confined under sufficiently high pressure, the gases dissolved within them come out of solution and form bubbles. And just like opening a shaken-up can of soda, the resulting rush of vapor triggers an explosive eruption. Iconic cone-shaped volcanoes called stratovolcanoes, such as Mount Pinatubo, are loaded with silicic magmas. Hawaii's volcanoes, on the other hand, contain especially low-silica magmas made of basalt, which means they have much less explosive oomph. Instead, they ooze and spatter, creating shield volcanoes-gently sloped formations that have become the islands' signature geologic silhouette. |
| 1. | What is the appropriate title of the text above? |
| | The Explosive power of a volcano |
| | The Characteristic of Magma and Lava |
| | The Distinction of Magma and Lava |
| | The Pressure of Silicic Magmas as a Compostion of a Volcano |
| | The Composition of Magma and Lava Based on a Volcano Structure |
| 2. | What is the motive of the writer to present the passage? |
| | To raise people awareness about the danger of volcanoe eruption |
| | To persuade the readers not to live nearby the area of volcano eruption |
| | To describe the danger of volcanoe eruption through the composition of magmas |
| | To straigthen people’s misconception about the difference of magma and lava |
| | To expose people’s lack of understanding about the terms of lava and magma |
| 3. | ‘Magmas vary in their chemical composition,..’
The sentence can be best restated with... |
| | the composition of magma can be differentiated through their chemical compound |
| | the chemical structure of magma is different based on their compostion |
| | the component of magma is made of chemical element |
| | the basic structure of magma can be seen from their chemical component |
| | the nature of chemical compostion is based on magma variation |
| 4. | What is the difference of volcanoes in Hawaii from that of Mount Pinatubo? |
| | Mount Pinatubo is more destructive than Hawaii |
| | Volcanoes in Hawaii are less explosive power than that of Pinatubo |
| | Hawaii’s volcanoes are highly explosive than those of Mount Pinatubo |
| | Hawaii’s volcanones are loaded with silicic magmas. |
| | Mount Pinatubo is the islands who has signature geologic silhouette |
| 5. | In which paragraph does the author elaborate what imposes low or high explosion of a volcano? |
| | Paragraph 2 |
| | Paragraph 3 |
| | Paragraph 4 |
| | Paragraph 2 and 3 |
| | Paragraph 3 and 4 |
| Questions number 6 to 10 are based on the following text
New research out of Notre Dame is digging into why social media isn't always good for us, especially if you're young and female. Working as an educator, Carmen Papaluca observed a worrying trend with her students. In particular, social media was having a significant negative impact on her students' mental health.
For anyone who is a regular user of social media which is most of us these days, this won't come as a surprise. With everyone sharing their 'highlight reels', Carmen observed, young women find it particularly hard to see their own lives or even their own bodies as good enough. Wanting to understand more about the issue and what could be done, Carmen began a Ph.D. at the University of Notre Dame. The focus of her research is Instagram use among young women aged 18 to 25.
One of the key findings of her work so far is that younger female Instagram users in her study, late teens and early 20s, found that images on the app made them feel most badly about their bodies. However, women who were slightly older (mid-20s) felt the inadequacy around their work and lifestyle. In comparison to the images of the apparently fabulous social lives and careers of others on Instagram, they felt that their own lives "lacked meaning".
The blame of the perceived problems with new technologies gets put entirely on those new technologies. But if we want to find a real solution to these problems, we need to dig a bit deeper. In other words, it's not just Instagram that is the problem. It's the social pressures put on young women that have been part of our culture for many years that are now becoming amplified by social media. |
| 6. | What is the main idea of the passage? |
| | How social media destruct females’ life. |
| | Technology merely bears bad sides in human’s social life. |
| | Social media impact negatively on young women’s mental health. |
| | The use of social media apparently decreases people’s standard behavior. |
| | A study about the relationship between social media impact and students’ achievement. |
| 7. | The paragraph following the passage most likely deals with... |
| | the reason why instagram has bad impact on people health. |
| | kinds of social pressure that has been part of culture. |
| | the negative impact of instagram on women. |
| | the technologies that impact human health. |
| | social media‘s bad impact on young people. |
| 8. | In which paragraph does the writer discuss that images of certain social media imposes one’s bad feeling about her physical appearance? |
| | 1 |
| | 2 |
| | 1 dan 2 |
| | 1 dan 4 |
| | 2 dan 3 |
| 9. | To whom is the text likely intended? |
| | A teacher who teaches science |
| | Working moms who have baby sitters |
| | Students who actively engage using social media |
| | Adolescents who learn about applied technology |
| | Social media experts who conduct researches on social media |
| 10. | ‘In particular, social media was having a significant negative impact on her students' mental health.’
What is possibly the author’s motive in writing the sentence? |
| | The information about instagram impacts isn’t available |
| | The use of social media is in a level of endangering young female’s social lives |
| | Not many people are interested in using instagram and other social media |
| | There is a misconception of researcher and social media users on instagram bad impact |
| | People’s awareness about social media use has negatively impacted on female’s mental health |
